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- <text id=89TT2900>
- <link 90TT0042>
- <title>
- Nov. 06, 1989: Three Holdouts Against Change
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Nov. 06, 1989 The Big Break
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 51
- The Three Holdouts Against Change
- </hdr><body>
- <p>By John Borrell/Sofia
- </p>
- <p> It seemed a small thing, hardly ground for arrest. For two
- weeks a tiny group of Bulgarian environmentalists called
- Ecoglasnost manned a table in a Sofia park to gather signatures
- on a petition calling for public debate on two controversial
- river-diversion schemes. They had collected nearly 7,000 names,
- when police and militia units suddenly swooped down, scattered
- bystanders and arrested seven of the organizers.
- </p>
- <p> The members of Ecoglasnost were later released, but the
- crackdown was a crude warning to Bulgarian political activists
- to watch their step. It was one more indication of just how
- nervous Eastern Europe's remaining hard-line regimes have become
- as a result of the year's dramatic political changes elsewhere
- in the bloc. The obdurate rulers in Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria and
- Rumania refuse to imitate their reformist neighbors but can't
- help looking anxiously over their shoulder. "They are all
- worried about the fallout from change elsewhere," said a Western
- diplomat in the region. A Bulgarian proverb captures the fears:
- "When the Gypsy's bear is dancing in your neighbor's yard, you
- know it will soon come to yours."
- </p>
- <p> Although Sofia's police were frightened enough to rough up
- Ecoglasnost, which has just 101 members, Bulgarians have no
- modern model for revolt. That, ironically, might make gradual
- change easier. Czechoslovakia has such a model -- 1968's Prague
- Spring -- and authorities there are taking no chances. Two weeks
- ago, they arrested Jiri Ruml and Rudolf Zeman, well-known
- editors of the underground opposition newspaper Lidove Noviny.
- More than 100 journalists, most of them government employees,
- have since signed a petition calling for the release of the pair
- and for the immediate legalization of the newspaper. Now the
- government is hounding playwright Vaclav Havel, spokesman for
- the Charter 77 movement and the country's best-known dissident.
- Police called Havel in for questioning last Thursday, then
- allowed him to go to a city hospital when he complained of being
- ill. Their real purpose was to prevent him from taking part in
- unofficial celebrations Saturday to mark the 71st anniversary
- of the founding of the Czechoslovak state.
- </p>
- <p> Earlier in the week six independent opposition groups had
- called for "quiet and solemn celebrations" throughout the
- country on the anniversary. Officials, fearing that the
- unauthorized gatherings could easily turn into giant
- antigovernment protests, sought to block them. To make sure that
- shops were well stocked during the week before the anniversary,
- authorities released onto the market large supplies of normally
- unobtainable imported bananas and oranges. "They continue to
- dangle these things in front of the populace as an incentive for
- political acquiescence," said a Western diplomat in Prague. "But
- it is clearly becoming harder and harder for them to buy off
- people in this way."
- </p>
- <p> That does not mean that any of the remaining hard-line
- governments will necessarily be toppled anytime soon. Nor do
- they show signs of making more than minor changes in their
- orthodox programs. And there seems to be a flip side to
- Gorbachev's repudiation of the Brezhnev Doctrine: it also means
- that Moscow will not intervene to force reform. Intriguingly,
- though, some Soviet officials are debating whether it might be
- wiser to give a shove to the recalcitrant leadership in
- Czechoslovakia, where popular pressure for change seems ripest.
- </p>
- <p> Nothing short of death seems likely to budge Rumanian
- leader Nicolae Ceausescu, who has maintained the most
- repressively Stalinist line while tending a personality cult and
- pursuing a Brobdingnagian building program. "Socialism," he told
- the ruling party's Central Committee this week, "is
- non-negotiable." Translation: Ceausescu's secret police will
- make sure that any challenge to his leadership is quickly
- snuffed out.
- </p>
- <p> Communists in Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia are taking a much
- less rigid line. But in neither country are they prepared to
- concede the party's leading role in society, let alone
- contemplate legalized opposition groups. Their goal is to allow
- just enough political protest to prevent explosions but not
- enough to allow broad-based opposition groups to emerge.
- </p>
- <p> It is a perilous high-wire act. Dissident groups like
- Bulgaria's Ecoglasnost readily admit that part of their agenda
- is to shake the party's hold on power. "Once you break this
- monopoly in one area, it will start crumbling everywhere," says
- one of the organizers, Deyan Kyurianov. But that is apparent to
- the bloc's remaining hard-liners too. The Gypsy's bear may not
- be kept away forever, but for the moment, he is dancing on a
- very short chain.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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